When Addressing Trauma Makes a Difference: A Case Report of Undiagnosed Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is an emergent diagnosis, which acknowledges the impact of prolonged interpersonal abuse on affect regulation, interpersonal functioning, and self-concept. We present the case of a 59-year-old woman who remained undiagnosed and untreated for this condition for three decades while under follow-up in mental health services for the diagnosis of personality disorder and bipolar disorder. The patient suffered repeated sexual abuse in her childhood, resulting in intrusive traumatic memories she emotionally and cognitively avoided, dissociative amnesia, a persistent inability to experience positive emotions, a persistent sense of guilt, re-experiencing phenomena, and hypervigilance toward others and their intentions to harm her. She persistently believed herself to be worthless, defective, inferior, and lacking value; had a history of affective dysregulation resulting in suspicion of bipolar disorder; and displayed a pattern of relationship avoidance. Addressing chronic trauma and assessing its impact offered deeper contextualization of the patient's symptoms and proved pivotal in redefining her diagnosis and providing access to trauma-focused psychotherapy, which is the mainstay of treatment for C-PTSD.

Mycotoxins evaluation of total mixed ration (TMR) in bovine dairy farms: An update.

The total mixed ration (TMR) is currently a widespread method to feed dairy cows. It is a mixture of raw fodder and concentrate feed that can be contaminated by several mycotoxins. The main aim of this paper was to provide a critical review on TMR mycotoxin occurrence and its usefulness to monitor and control them on-farm. Aflatoxins, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and fumonisins (regulated mycotoxins) are the most prevalent mycotoxins evaluated in TMR. Nonetheless, several emerging mycotoxins represent a health risk at the animal level regarding their prevalence and level in TMR. Even when measured at low levels, the co-occurrence of mycotoxins is frequent and synergistic effects on animal health are still underevaluated. Similar to the animal feed industry, on-farm plans monitoring mycotoxin feed contamination can be developed as a herd health management program. The estimated daily intake of mycotoxins should be implemented, but thresholds for each mycotoxin are not currently defined in dairy farms.

Apple Core Unveiled: Malignant Colonic Obstruction Revealing an Unknown Rectosigmoid Neoplasm With Foreign Body Impaction.

This case report highlights a rare clinical scenario of a 46-year-old male presenting with constipation and fecaloid vomiting due to an impacted chicken bone within an unidentified rectosigmoid neoplasm, leading to acute malignant colonic obstruction. Emergent exploratory laparotomy revealed an impacted chicken bone lodged in a previously unknown rectosigmoid tumor. An anatomopathological examination revealed a mucinous adenocarcinoma with clear margins and one pericolic metastatic lymph node. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was proposed for adjuvant chemotherapy. The abrupt onset of symptoms allowed for an early diagnosis, emphasizing the unexpected association between foreign body impaction and incidental malignant obstruction. This case underscores the complexity of managing foreign body ingestion in the gastrointestinal tract and emphasizes the crucial role of diagnostic imaging in surgical planning. Furthermore, it draws attention to the potential occurrence of colorectal cancer in younger individuals, emphasizing the necessity for clinical vigilance and screening strategies beyond conventional age recommendations.

Jejunal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor: A Strange Cause of Massive Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Jejunal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are rare mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and a rare cause of massive GI bleeding. Due to this rarity and non-specific presentation, diagnosis and treatment may be difficult and often delayed. Urgent surgical intervention is crucial for controlling the source of bleeding and total tumor excision. Herein, we present the case of a 40-year-old male who presented to the emergency room (ER) with features of upper GI bleeding. He referred astheny and black stools, and was pale, sweaty, and tachycardic despite normal blood pressure. Rectal examination revealed melena, and laboratory findings revealed decreased hemoglobin (Hb) and elevated blood urea. Upper endoscopy was normal, and the Hb level dropped again to 6.9 g/dL; therefore, blood transfusion was required during ER observation. For further investigation, the patient underwent an angio-computed tomography scan, which revealed a lesion located in a jejunal loop as the probable bleeding source. Emergency exploratory laparotomy revealed a jejunal loop tumor. Segmental enterectomy containing the tumor was performed and the post-operative period was uneventful. The anatomopathological examination was compatible with low-risk GIST, and the multidisciplinary board agreed that surveillance was the best ongoing treatment. Due to the rarity of jejunal GIST as the cause of massive GI bleeding, diagnosis may be challenging, delaying prompt treatment with bleeding source control. In such cases, surgery may be both lifesaving and curative. Therefore, these tumors should not be forgotten when managing patients with occult GI bleeding with an atypical presentation to prevent delays in treatment and severe outcomes.

Breast cancer in young women: a rising threat: A 5-year follow-up comparative study.

Introduction: Breast cancer in young women is usually considered as breast cancer occurring in women younger than 40 years and is the most frequent cancer-related cause of death in these patients. In the past few years, there seems to be an increasing trend in the prevalence of breast cancer in young women, which, associated with poorer prognosis, more aggressive histologic features, and more frequent recurrence rates, makes it a rising threat to young women. This study aimed to evaluate the biological behavior of breast cancer in young women in our institution. Material and methods: A retrospective, unicentric, cohort study was conducted between 2012 and 2016. All consecutive patients with breast cancer were enrolled in the study. Cases were divided into two groups: case group, those younger than 40 years, and control group, those 40 years or older. The exclusion criterion was nonoperative treatment. Several clinical and pathologic parameters were evaluated, as well as were overall survival time and disease-free survival time. Results: The incidence of breast cancer in young women presented a rising tendency over the study period. Significant differences were observed in the comparison of the groups according to body mass index, age at menarche, age at birth of the first child, and proliferation rate. There were no differences in overall survival and disease-free survival rates between the groups. Conclusions: Young women had a more symptomatic presentation, a greater tumor proliferation rate, but similar outcomes compared with older patients. Greater multicentric studies are needed to confirm or refute these results.

Impact of bacterial cellulose on the physical properties and printing quality of fine papers.

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), due to its inherent nanometric scale and strength properties, can be considered as a good candidate to be used in papermaking. This work explored the possibility of using it in the production of fine paper as a wet-end component and for the paper coating. Filler-containing handsheet production was performed with and without the presence of common additives typically used in the furnish of office papers. It was found that, under optimized conditions, BNC mechanically treated by high-pressure homogenization could improve all the evaluated paper properties (mechanical, optical and structural) without impairing the filler retention. However, paper strength was improved only to a small extent (increase in the tensile index of 8 % for a filler content of ca. 27.5 %). On the other hand, when used at the paper surface, remarkable improvements in the gamut area of >25 % in comparison to the base paper and of >40 % in comparison to starch-only coated papers were achieved for a formulation having 50 % BNC and 50 % of carboxymethylcellulose. Overall, the present results highlight the possibility of using BNC as a paper component, particularly when applied at the paper substrate as a coating agent aiming at improving printing quality.

Psicologia na atenção básica: cuidado aos idosos com doenças crônicas não transmissíveis / Psychology in primary care: healthcare for the elderly diagnosed with noncommunicable diseases / Psicología en atención primaria: atención a la salud de los adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho tem por objetivo compreender como os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde estão presentes nas práticas de cuidado à população idosa com hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus ofertadas pelas psicólogas da Atenção Básica. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva e de abordagem qualitativa, a partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com 7 psicólogas atuantes em Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) e/ou Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) de Salvador (BA), que atendem o público idoso, tendo ocorrido em plataforma digital. A análise de dados ocorreu através do método hermenêutico-dialético e teve a Psicologia Social Crítica como base teórica. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a atuação das psicólogas na Atenção Básica à população idosa com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e Diabetes Mellitus, em sua maioria, é orientada por práticas de promoção da saúde, prevenção à doença e políticas públicas em saúde. Identificou-se, de modo geral, a compreensão dos Determinantes Sociais da Saúde como produtores de iniquidades em saúde nos relatos das psicólogas, tendo sido mapeado somente 2 psicólogas que demonstraram não compreender a categoria 'raça' como um Determinante Social indissociável dos demais. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que o campo de atuação da psicologia no contexto da Atenção Básica, guiada pela Psicologia Social Crítica e pela Saúde Coletiva, promovem contribuições teóricas para todos os campos da psicologia.

OBJECTIVE: The study aims to identify the major role of psychologists in the promotion of health and disease prevention of elderly people diagnosed with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus quality of life. METHOD: A descriptive research with a qualitative approach was carried out, based on semi-structured interviews, with 7 psychologists working in a Basic Health Unit (Unidade Básica de Saúde - UBS) and/or Family Health Unit (Unidade de Saúde da Família - USF) in Salvador (BA), which serve the elderly, having taken place on a digital platform. Data analysis was carried out using the hermeneutic-dialectic method and Critical Social Psychology as a theoretical basis. RESULTS: It was found that the role of psychologists in Primary Care for elderly with Systemic Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus is mostly guided by health promotion practices, disease prevention and public health policies. In general, the understanding of the Social Determinants of Health as producers of health inequities was identified in the psychologists' reports, with only 2 psychologists demonstrating that they did not understand the category 'ethnicity' as a Social Determinant inseparable from the others. CONCLUSION: It was identified that the field of action of psychology in the context of Primary Care guided by Critical Social Psychology and Public Health promotes theoretical contributions to all fields of psychology.

OBJETIVO: Este trabajo tiene como objetivo comprender cómo los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud están presentes en las prácticas de atención a la población anciana con hipertensión arterial sistémica y diabetes mellitus ofrecidas por psicólogos de Atención Primaria. MÉTODO: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, basada en entrevistas semiestructuradas, con 7 psicólogos que actúan en una Unidad Básica de Salud (Unidade Básica de Saúde - UBS) y/o Unidad de Salud de la Familia (Unidade de Saúde da Família - USF) en Salvador (BA), que atienden al público mayor, teniendo lugar en una plataforma digital. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través del método hermenéutico-dialéctico y tuvo como base teórica la Psicología Social Crítica. RESULTADOS: Se constató que el trabajo de los psicólogos en la Atención Básica para ancianos con Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica y Diabetes Mellitus, en su mayoría, está orientado por prácticas de promoción de la salud, prevención de enfermedades y políticas públicas de salud. En general, la comprensión de los Determinantes Sociales de la Salud como productores de inequidades en salud fue identificada en los informes de los psicólogos, siendo mapeados solo 2 psicólogas que demostraron no entender la categoría raza como un Determinante Social inseparable de los demás. CONCLUSIÓN: Se observó que el campo de la psicología en el contexto de la Atención Primaria orientado por la Psicología Social Crítica y la Salud Colectiva promueve aportes teóricos para todos los campos de la psicología.

A saúde das mulheres negras: atuação da psicologia na atenção básica / The health of black women: the performance of psychology in primary care

Resumo Este artigo objetiva analisar como as psicólogas atuantes na atenção básica percebem a influência dos efeitos psicossociais do racismo e do sexismo em suas práticas e no processo de saúde e cuidado prestado às mulheres negras. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa de caráter descritivo e exploratório, seguindo a perspectiva da psicologia social crítica. Foi realizado um levantamento teórico-metodológico sobre os temas relevantes, assim como a produção do instrumento de coleta de dados e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Participaram do estudo oito psicólogas que atendem o público feminino e trabalham na rede de atenção básica da cidade de Salvador (BA). Os dados foram analisados pelo método hermenêutico-dialético. Nota-se que a maioria das percepções foi associada à questão biologizante da raça/cor e à noção de cuidado voltado à visão universalista do sujeito, o que implicou a ausência de ações direcionadas à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras. Contudo, observou-se a percepção interseccional e o letramento racial nos relatos de três das participantes, o que possibilitou o desenvolvimento de tentativas de práticas antirracistas e antissexistas. Conclui-se que ainda se faz necessário explorar ações da psicologia que visem à promoção da saúde de mulheres negras e que possam associar a teoria com a prática.

Abstract This article aims to analyze how psychologists who work in primary care, perceive the influence of the psychosocial effects of racism and sexism in their practices and in the health and care process provided to black women. This is a qualitative research with a descriptive and exploratory character, following the critical social psychology framework. A theoretical-methodological survey was carried out about the main subjects, as well as the production of the data collection instrument and the semi-structured interviews. The study included eight psychologists who serve the female public and work in the primary care network in the municipality of Salvador (BA). Data were analyzed by the hermeneutic-dialectical method. Most perceptions were associated with the biologizing issue of race/color and the notion of care aimed at the universalist view of the subject, which implied the absence of actions aimed at promoting the health of black women. However, the intersectional perception and racial literacy were observed in the reports of three of the participants, which enabled the development of attempts at anti-racist and anti-sexist practices. In conclusion, exploring psychology actions aimed at promoting the health of black women and that can associate theory with practice is still necessary.

Methadone Withdrawal-Related Psychosis in a Patient With Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer: A Case Report.

Methadone withdrawal usually presents as a classical opiate withdrawal syndrome, including symptoms such as restlessness, pupillary dilation, sweating, insomnia, irritability, sneezing, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It rarely manifests as psychosis. Here, we discuss the case of a 43-year-old female with a history of long-term methadone use who presented with first-episode psychosis during methadone down-titration. She exhibited persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations, unrelated to classical opiate withdrawal symptoms. Medical tests were unremarkable. The patient was diagnosed with first-episode psychosis and was involuntarily admitted to our psychiatric hospital. As she suffered from hormone-dependent breast cancer and presented paliperidone-induced hyperprolactinemia, we switched this drug to aripiprazole, a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic. Her psychotic symptoms remitted in six weeks, with no reintroduction of methadone. It remains unclear whether this presentation is attributable to a rare manifestation of withdrawal or methadone's antipsychotic properties, masking an underlying psychotic disorder. This case contributes to understanding psychosis emergence post-opioid withdrawal, underscoring the need for further investigation into withdrawal-related psychosis and opioid antipsychotic properties. It also prompts the discussion of antipsychotic treatment in patients with comorbid breast cancer, while evidence about hyperprolactinemia as a risk factor for breast cancer remains conflicting.

Heart protective effects of cardioactive drugs associated with antineoplastic treatment against breast cancer.

The prevalence of breast cancer in women is a fundamental problem in public health worldwide. There is consensual evidence that many chemotherapeutic agents might have harmful effects on the cardiovascular system of patients. The cardiotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs might lead to ventricular systolic dysfunction and heart failure, and consequently cardioactive drugs, such as antihypertensive, might mitigate those cardiac dysfunctions. Thus, this study carried out an integrative literature review on the potential benefits of cardioactive drugs in cardiovascular repercussions resulting from chemotherapy (CT), especially in women with breast cancer. The research involved articles available on the PubMed, LILACS, and MedLine databases, using as descriptors "breast cancer", "chemotherapy", "cardiotoxicity", and "antihypertensive"; 11 articles were selected. The data corroborate an association between the use of antineoplastic drugs (anthracyclines, fluorouracil, and anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, trastuzumab) and cardiotoxic effects, and anthracyclines are the most studied CT drugs in relation to cardiac dysfunction. The cardioprotective effect of cardioactive drugs, including non-selective and selective beta-blockers classes, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers, could be observed in clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, the drugs have different cardioprotective effects on breast cancer patients and left ventricular ejection fraction; the serum concentrations of troponins and brain natriuretic peptide were the most frequent parameters analysed in selected articles. In summary, cardiovascular parameters should be followed-up in patients undergoing oncology treatment in all stages, regardless of the therapeutic scheme carried out, given the risk of developing and worsening such heart conditions.

Adaptive Filtering for the Maternal Respiration Signal Attenuation in the Uterine Electromyogram.

The electrohysterogram (EHG) is the uterine muscle electromyogram recorded at the abdominal surface of pregnant or non-pregnant woman. The maternal respiration electromyographic signal (MR-EMG) is one of the most relevant interferences present in an EHG. Alvarez (Alv) waves are components of the EHG that have been indicated as having the potential for preterm and term birth prediction. The MR-EMG component in the EHG represents an issue, regarding Alv wave application for pregnancy monitoring, for instance, in preterm birth prediction, a subject of great research interest. Therefore, the Alv waves denoising method should be designed to include the interference MR-EMG attenuation, without compromising the original waves. Adaptive filter properties make them suitable for this task. However, selecting the optimal adaptive filter and its parameters is an important task for the success of the filtering operation. In this work, an algorithm is presented for the automatic adaptive filter and parameter selection using synthetic data. The filter selection pool comprised sixteen candidates, from which, the Wiener, recursive least squares (RLS), householder recursive least squares (HRLS), and QR-decomposition recursive least squares (QRD-RLS) were the best performers. The optimized parameters were L = 2 (filter length) for all of them and λ = 1 (forgetting factor) for the last three. The developed optimization algorithm may be of interest to other applications. The optimized filters were applied to real data. The result was the attenuation of the MR-EMG in Alv waves power. For the Wiener filter, power reductions for quartile 1, median, and quartile 3 were found to be -16.74%, -20.32%, and -15.78%, respectively (p-value = 1.31 × 10-12).

Tracking Bacterial Nanocellulose in Animal Tissues by Fluorescence Microscopy.

The potential of nanomaterials in food technology is nowadays well-established. However, their commercial use requires a careful risk assessment, in particular concerning the fate of nanomaterials in the human body. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a nanofibrillar polysaccharide, has been used as a food product for many years in Asia. However, given its nano-character, several toxicological studies must be performed, according to the European Food Safety Agency's guidance. Those should especially answer the question of whether nanoparticulate cellulose is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. This raises the need to develop a screening technique capable of detecting isolated nanosized particles in biological tissues. Herein, the potential of a cellulose-binding module fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP-CBM) to detect single bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) obtained by acid hydrolysis was assessed. Adsorption studies were performed to characterize the interaction of GFP-CBM with BNC and BCNC. Correlative electron light microscopy was used to demonstrate that isolated BCNC may be detected by fluorescence microscopy. The uptake of BCNC by macrophages was also assessed. Finally, an exploratory 21-day repeated-dose study was performed, wherein Wistar rats were fed daily with BNC. The presence of BNC or BCNC throughout the GIT was observed only in the intestinal lumen, suggesting that cellulose particles were not absorbed. While a more comprehensive toxicological study is necessary, these results strengthen the idea that BNC can be considered a safe food additive.

Molluskicidal activity of 3-aryl-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones against Biomphalaria glabrata.

Schistosomiasis is the second most prevalent parasitic infectious disease after malaria, which affects millions of people worldwide and causes health and socioeconomic problems. The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is an intermediate host for the helminth, which is the causative agent of schistosomiasis: Schistosoma mansoni. One crucial strategy for controlling the disease is the eradication of the snail host. Niclosamide is the unique molluskicide applied in large-scale control programs, but its selectivity to other species is not adequate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new molluskicides that are inexpensive, safe, and selective. Quinones are ubiquitous, playing important biological roles in fungi, plants, and others. Many synthetic molecules with relevant biological activities that contain the quinone nucleus in their structure are on the market in the therapy of cancer, malaria, or toxoplasmosis, for example. Derivatives of quinones are tools in the development of new molluskicides for Abbott laboratories. In the present work, 3-aryl-2­hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones (ANs) were tested for molluskicide activity against Biomphalaria glabrata. The lethal concentration was determined for 48 h of continuous exposure. The naphthoquinones were found to have molluskicide properties. AN-15 was recorded as the highest mortality. Additionally, this analog exhibited in silico reduced ambient toxicity when compared to niclosamide. The findings of this study demonstrate that 3-aryl-2­hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones are effective for the management of Biomphalaria glabrata under laboratory conditions.

Maternidade solo e interseccionalidades: práticas de cuidado no contexto da atenção básica / Solo maternity and intersectionalities: care practices in the context of primary care / Maternidad en solitario e interseccionalidades: prácticas asistenciales en el contexto de la atención primaria

INTRODUÇÃO: As maternidades solo, como realidade significativa no Brasil, representam uma experiência determinada por estruturas de poder, que incidem na vida das mulheres, sobretudo negras, levando-as a trajetórias permeadas de sofrimento psíquico. Este estudo se fundamenta na importância de conhecer a atuação e os desafios de Psicólogas(os) que acolhem estas mulheres no contexto da Atenção Básica. OBJETIVO: Compreender a percepção de psicólogas(os) acerca de suas práticas, junto a mulheres mães solo na Atenção Básica, com atenção às questões de gênero, raça e interseccionalidades. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de natureza descritivo/exploratória. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida na cidade de Salvador-BA, no período de 2020-2021. A coleta de dados ocorreu em duas etapas: questionário online e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As análises foram realizadas a partir do aporte teórico da psicologia social crítica, com abordagem compreensiva das falas circunstanciadas dos sujeitos. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um contexto de ausências de cuidado às mulheres mães solo. Embora a maternidade solo seja uma experiência frequente na vida das mulheres negras e pobres, não há planejamentos específicos para a atenção e cuidado a estas usuárias, tampouco estratégias são citadas no desenho das políticas públicas para o acolhimento e cuidado de mães solo. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: As lacunas no entendimento e nas ações direcionadas às mulheres mães solo configuram-se como uma das ausências de cuidado e atenção a estas mulheres. Faz-se necessário reafirmar o compromisso ético-político da Psicologia com as reais necessidades da população brasileira, para a garantia da vida e saúde de todos os sujeitos.

INTRODUCTION: Solo motherhood, as a significant reality in Brazil, represent an experience determined by power structures, which affect the lives of women, especially black women, leading them to trajectories permeated with psychological suffering. This study is based on the importance of knowing the performance and the challenges of psychologists who receive these women in the context of Primary Care. OBJECTIVE: To understand the perception of psychologists about their practices with solo motherhood in Primary Care, paying attention to issues of gender, race and intersectionality. METHODS: This is a qualitative, descriptive/exploratory research. The field research was developed in the city of Salvador-BA, in the period 2020-2021. Data collection occurred in two stages: online questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The analyses were made based on the theoretical contribution of critical social psychology, with a comprehensive approach of the circumstantial speeches of the subjects. RESULTS: A context of absences of care for solo motherhood was observed. Although solo motherhood is a frequent experience in the lives of black and poor women, there are no specific plans for the attention and care of these users, nor are strategies mentioned in the design of public policies for the reception and care of solo mothers. FINAL CONSIDERATION: The gaps in understanding and in the actions directed towards solo motherhood are configured as one of the absences of care and attention to these women. It is necessary to reaffirm the ethical-political commitment of Psychology with the real needs of the Brazilian population, to guarantee the life and health of all subjects.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las maternidades en solitario, como realidad significativa en Brasil, representan una experiencia determinada por las estructuras de poder, que afectan a la vida de las mujeres, especialmente de las mujeres negras, llevándolas a trayectorias impregnadas de sufrimiento psicológico. Este estudio se basa en la importancia de conocer la actuación y los retos de los psicólogos que acogen a estas mujeres en el contexto de la Atención Primaria. OBJETIVO: Comprender la percepción de los psicólogos(as) acerca de sus prácticas, junto a las mujeres solo en la atención básica, con atención a las cuestiones de género, raza e interseccionalidades. MÉTODOS: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de carácter descriptivo/exploratorio. La investigación de campo se desarrolló en la ciudad de Salvador-BA, en el período 2020-2021. La recogida de datos se realizó en dos fases: cuestionario en línea y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los análisis se realizaron desde el aporte teórico de la psicología social crítica, con un enfoque integral de los discursos circunstanciales de los sujetos. RESULTADOS: Se observó un contexto de ausencia de cuidados para las mujeres que son madres solas. Aunque la maternidad es una experiencia frecuente en la vida de las mujeres negras y pobres, no hay planes específicos para la atención y el cuidado de estas usuarias, ni tampoco se citan estrategias en el diseño de las políticas públicas para la atención y el cuidado de las madres solas. OBSERVACIONES FINALES: Las lagunas en la comprensión y en las acciones dirigidas a las madres solas se configuran como una de las ausencias de cuidado y atención a estas mujeres. Es necesario reafirmar el compromiso ético-político de la Psicología con las necesidades reales de la población brasileña, para garantizar la vida y la salud de todos los sujetos.

A Psicologia no cuidado à criança no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde em Salvador-BA / Psychology in childcare in the context of Primary Health Care in Salvador-BA / Psicología en el cuidado del niño en el contexto de la Atención Primaria de Salud en Salvador-BA

INTRODUÇÃO: O cuidado à saúde da criança passou por diferentes contextos sócio-políticos. Ainda que a implantação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) tenha levado à ampliação da cobertura em saúde, muitos desafios são impostos para esse cuidado. OBJETIVO: Compreender o papel das psicólogas(os) na Atenção Primária à Saúde referente aos cuidados à criança em UBS/USF/NASF-AB na cidade de Salvador-BA. MÉTODOS: Este é um estudo qualitativo com 7 psicólogas(os) da APS. Inicialmente foi aplicado um questionário online para levantamento do perfil das(os) participantes e posteriormente realizada entrevistas semiestruturadas. Após a análise de conteúdo, os dados foram categorizados em: Perfil das crianças atendidas e cuidadoras; perspectiva da psicologia e principais queixas; ações de cuidado à criança na unidade; o cuidado da criança em rede. RESULTADOS: A maioria das(os) psicólogas(os) é do sexo feminino, mãe, negra, possui experiência anterior no SUS. Já a maioria das crianças é negra e socioeconomicamente vulnerável. Os desafios impostos foram a invisibilidade da criança, a sobrecarga feminina como a principal cuidadora e a pandemia. As potencialidades se traduzem com a atuação na comunidade, o trabalho em rede e a relação com a equipe multidisciplinar. CONCLUSÃO: Os desafios na APS perpassam pelas relações entre os sujeitos e o contexto político. A pesquisa mostrou a importância de se pensar na práxis profissional da Psicologia relacionada ao cuidado à infância.

INTRODUCTION: Child health care has passed through different socio- political contexts. Although the implementation of Primary Health Care (PHC) has led to the expansion of health coverage, many challenges are imposed for this care. OBJECTIVE: To understand the role of psychologists in Primary Health Care regarding child care in UBS/USF/NASF-AB in the city of Salvador-BA. METHODOLOGY: This is a qualitative study with 7 psychologists from PHC. Initially, an online questionnaire was applied to survey the profile of the participants and later semi-structured interviews were carried out. After content analysis, the data were categorized into: profile of children assisted and caregivers; psychology perspective and main complaints; child care actions in the UBS/USF; network child care. RESULTS: Most psychologists are female, mother, black, and have previous experience in the Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS (Unified Health System). The majority of children are black and socioeconomically vulnerable. The challenges imposed were the invisibility of the child, the female overload as the main caregiver and the pandemic. The potential translates into action in the community, networking and the relationship with the multidisciplinary team. CONCLUSION: The challenges in PHC permeate the relationships between subjects and the political context. The research showed the importance of thinking about the professional praxis of Psychology related to childhood care.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cuidado de la salud infantil ha pasado por diferentes contextos sociopolíticos. Si bien la implementación de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) ha llevado a la ampliación de la cobertura de salud, se imponen muchos desafíos para esta atención. OBJETIVO: Comprender el papel de los psicólogos en la Atención Primaria de Salud en relación con el cuidado del niño en la UBS/USF/NASFAB en la ciudad de Salvador-BA. METODOLOGÍA: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo con 7 psicólogas(os) de la APS. Inicialmente se aplicó un cuestionario en línea para relevar el perfil de los participantes y posteriormente se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas. Después del análisis de contenido, los datos fueron categorizados en: perfil de los niños asistidos y cuidadores; perspectiva psicológica y principales quejas; acciones de cuidado del niño en la unidad; cuidado infantil de la red. RESULTADOS: La mayoría de los psicólogos son mujeres, madre, negra, tienen experiencia previa en el Sistema Único de Saúde ­ SUS (Sistema Único de Salud). La mayoría de los niños son negros y socioeconómicamente vulnerables. Los retos impuestos fueron la invisibilidad del niño, la sobrecarga femenina como principal cuidadora y la pandemia. El potencial se traduce en la acción en la comunidad, el trabajo en red y la relación con el equipo multidisciplinario. CONCLUSIÓN: Los desafíos en la APS permean las relaciones entre los sujetos y el contexto político. La investigación mostró la importancia de pensar la praxis profesional de la Psicología relacionada con el cuidado de la infancia.

Alginate-amphotericin B nanocomplexes covered by nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose: physico-chemical characterization and in vitro toxicity.

Nanocomplexes systems made up natural poylymers have pharmacotechnical advantages such as increase of water solubility and a decrease of drugs toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) is a drug apply as anti-leishmanial and anti-fungal, however it has low water solubility and high toxicity, limiting its therapeutic application. With this in mind, the present study aimed to produce nanocomplexes composed by alginate (Alg), a natural polymer, with AmB covered by nanocrystals from bacterial cellulose (CNC). For this reason, the nanocomplexes were produced utilizing sodium alginate, amphotericin B in a borate buffer (pH 11.0). The CNC was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of the bacterial cellulose. To CNC cover the nanocomplexes 1 ml of the nanocomplexes was added into 1 ml of 0.01% CNC suspension. The results showed an ionic adsorption of the CNC into the Alg-AmB nanocomplexes surface. This phenomena was confirmed by an increase in the particle size and PDI decrease. Besides, nanocomplexes samples covered by CNC showed uniformity. The amorphous inclusion of AmB complex into the polysaccharide chain network in both formulations. AmB in the nanocomplexes was in supper-aggregated form and showed good biocompatibility, being significantly less cytotoxic in vitro against kidney cells and significantly less hemolytic compared to the free-drug. The in vitro toxicity results indicated the Alg-AmB nanocomplexes can be considered a non-toxic alternative to improve the AmB therapeutic effect. All process to obtain nanocomplexes and it coat was conduce without organic solvents, can be considered a green process, and allowed to obtain water soluble particles. Furthermore, CNC covering the nanocomplexes brought additional protection to the system can contribut advancement in the pharmaceutical.

About a success case post-ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation of the lumborum rami medialis

The authors decided to write a letter to the editor to bring an actual and improving technique option to discuss between medical researchers. They show a success case of an ultrasound guided radiofrequency ablation of the lumborum rami medialis, which normally is performed by fluoroscopy, with more costs to the system and radiation exposure to the patient. So, the importance of this letter is showing the good result of US technique which could be an excellent alternative treatment option.